Asian Fisheries Science 25S Special Issue (2012)

CONTENTS

GENDER IN AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES: MOVING THE AGENDA FORWARD

 Download whole Special Issue here: 2012 AFS 25S GAF3 Special Issue 

• Message from AFS Presidents  Ida Siason and Derek Staples  p. vi.

  Since 1998, the Asian Fisheries Society (AFS) has provided a venue for professionals and advocates on “women in fisheries,” and “gender in fisheries.”

• Acknowledgements, Disclaimer p. ix

  To the Food and Agricultural Organization and many other supporters and contributors.

•  Guest Editorial Gender in Aquaculture and Fisheries : Moving the Agenda Forward Meryl J Williams, Marilyn Porter, Poh Sze Choo, Kyoko Kusakabe, Veikila Vuki, Nikita Gopal and Melba Bondad-Reantaso pp. 1-13

  Gender in aquaculture and fisheries is still under-researched but interest is increasing. This volume shows progress in visualizing women’s contribution to fisheries and aquaculture and also in structural analysis on value chains and institutions. Faced, however, with additional challenges such as climate change and economic integration, more nuanced analysis is now needed on ecological, economical, political and cultural systems. Factors such as class, age, ethnicity, race, caste, religion etc all come into play to define/condition gender relations.

RESEARCH PAPERS

• “A Sea of One’s Own!” A Perspective on Gendered Political Ecology in Indian Mariculture Ramachandran, C. Nair pp. 17-28

  Indian mariculture is a sunrise enterprise in which women have succeeded with certain technologies. The State has manifested itself as a positive “bargaining” force in the intra-household domestic space, e.g., through the Self Help Groups, but has not supported democratic rights in the “common access resource” space on which mariculture depends.

• Braving the Sea: The Amasan (Women Divers) of the Yahataura Fishing Community, Iki Island, Nagasaki Prefecture, Japan. Cristina P. Lim, Yasuhiro Ito and Yoshiaki Matsuda pp. 29-45

  Ama are divers who use rapid diving techniques without compressed air to dive for seaweed and high-value shellfish. Despite their contributions, the ama are invisible and marginalized.

• Why do Korean women dive? From a viewpoint of gender Sun-Ae Ii pp. 47-58

  The declining number of Korean women divers, especially on Jeju Island, experience contradictions between their high earnings and low social status.

• Why the Coast Matters for Women: A Feminist Approach to Research on Fishing Communities Marilyn Porter pp. 59-73

  A feminist analysis of cases in Tanzania and Atlantic Canada illustrates how fisheries policy, directed narrowly at fish harvesting and processing without taking account of women, families and the community, integrates and justifies gender inequalities in political, cultural and social structures.

• Capturing the Complexities of Globalization in Fisheries: Gendered Divisions of Labour and Divisions of Labour and Difference Holly M. Hapke pp. 75-92

  The Kerala fisheries sector is subjected to feminist commodity chain and livelihoods analyses to show the complex and often paradoxical impacts of globalization.

• Edging up the Ladder: The Women in Ban Thung Maha, Thailand Cristina P. Lim and Amporn Laowapong pp. 93-101

  Women in Ban Thung Maha made significant community contributions in the reproductive and productive spheres, yet gender inequality was prevalent as shown by the stories of five women.

   TECHNICAL PAPERS

• On Gender Mainstreaming Strategies and Tools in Fisheries Development Projects: RFLP Gender Strategy and Lessons from the Asia-Pacific Region Angela Lentisco and Enrique Alonso pp. 105-117

  A handbook for gender mainstreaming in fisheries projects was developed by the Spanish-funded FAO Regional Fisheries Livelihoods Programme for South and Southeast Asia.

• Improving Gender Equity in Aquaculture Education and Training: 25 years of Experiences in the Pond Dynamics/Aquaculture, Aquaculture, and AquaFish Collaborative Research Support Programs Hillary Egna, Lisa Reifke and Nancy Gitonga pp. 119-128

  The AquaFish Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) achieved gender equality in graduate numbers but still fewer women than men enter higher positions in science/research.

• Gender Issues of the Fishery Communities in the Central Region of Vietnam Nguyen Dang Hao pp. 129-143

  Under the RFLP, a baseline household survey in Central Coastal Vietnam provinces documented how women’s social and economic status was subordinate to that of men.

• The Role of Fisherwomen in the Face of Fishing Uncertainties on the North Coast of Java, Indonesia Zuzy Anna pp.145-159

  A multi-dimensional study found that fisherwomen whose husbands are fishermen suffer the most, directly and indirectly, from uncertainties in fishing and changing climate.

• The Role of Women in the Fishery Sector on Pantar Island, Indonesia Ria Fitriana and Natasha Stacey pp. 159-175

  In Pantar Island, part of the Alor Marine Conservation Plan (Coral Triangle Initiative), women fish and participate in fishery activities yet are overlooked in conservation/fishery planning.

• Successful Women Entrepreneurs in Aquaculture Sectors: Case Studies of Tamil Nadu, India  B. Shanthi, M. Krishnan and A.G. Ponniah pp. 177-185

Successful women entrepreneurs were aided by organizational structures, e.g., women’s Self Help Groups, family support and educational attainment. 

• Roles in the Development of Small-scale Shrimp Farming and Recent Challenges in the Coastal Region of Bangladesh Md. Nuruzzaman pp. 187-197

In SW Bangladesh, a Good Aquaculture Practice (GAP) project helped shrimp farmers meet export standards by involving female farmers and farming couples. 

• Enhancing Rural Women’s Participation in Fisheries: Post-harvest Livelihoods, Ilocos Region, Philippines Rosario Segundina P. Gaerlan, Remely B. Lachica, Marina B. Dumol pp. 199-205

  Since 2004 in NW Luzon, women’s groups have been successfully trained to add value to and manage marketing of aquaculture products, especially milkfish.

• Gender Roles in the Mangrove Reforestation Programmes in Barangay Talokgangan, Banate, Iloilo, Philippines: A Case Study where Women have Sustained the Efforts Farisal U. Bagsit and Caridad N. Jimenez pp. 207-215

  By 2010, most of the members of the mangrove reforestation programme started in 1997 were locally born and raised women who continued the work to help their community.

• Improvement of Women’s Livelihoods, Income and Nutrition through Carp-SIS-prawn Polyculture in Terai, Nepal Sunila Rai, Shakuntala H. Thilsted, Madhav K. Shrestha, Md. Abdul. Wahab, Kamala Gharti pp. 217-225

  Fifty-four percent of production from ponds of Nepalese women fish farmers was consumed by the farmers’ households, including all the small indigenous fish (SIS) and prawns. 

SHORT REPORTS

• Women’s Roles in the Construction of New Fishing Villages in China, as Shown from Surveys in Zhejiang Province Xu Sijie, Xu Yinghua, Huang Yonglian, Zheng, Fei pp. 229-236

  Under China’s 11^th Five Year Plan, women’s role in the construction of New Fishing Villages is undergoing major changes as shown by research in fishery villages in Zhejiang province.

• Processing of Frigate Mackerel Auxis thazard: Post-Harvest Gender Roles Corazon. P. Macachor, Cecilio S. Baga and Bonifacio S. Villanueva pp. 237-241

  In Danao City, processing of tinap-anan (hot smoked frigate mackerel, Auxis thazard), is the main livelihood of 30 fish port vendors surveyed to show gender roles from capture to market.

• A Study on the Availability and Utilization of Microcredit in the Traditional Fisheries Sector of Kerala, India Nikita Gopal, P. Jeyanthi, V.Chandrasekar and B. Meenakumari pp. 243-250

  Microfinance funds, although available to many Indian fisherwomen, have been used for household needs than to create productive assets for microenterprises.

• Gender roles in the Seaweed Industry Cluster of Southern Philippines: The DICCEP Experience Della Grace Bacaltos, Nilla Nanette Revilla, Romeo Castañaga, Marilou Laguting, Gilbert Anguay, Domingo Ang, Grace Caballero, Arlyn Omboy, Kristeel Mae Efondo, and Gracelyn Flamiano-Garde pp. 251-256

  In Davao, a seaweed industry cluster was developed to enhance seaweed production along the long seaweed value chain and make good use of women’s and men’s roles in the Cluster.

• Empowerment of a HIV/AIDS Women’s Group through Mangulukeni Fish Farm: A Case Study from Namibia Md. Ghulam Kibria and Gosbert Hamutenya pp. 257-260

  The Mangulukeni Fish Farming Project potentially provides group members with opportunities and benefits to improve their physical and psychological wellbeing.

ANNEXES

• List of Reviewers p. 263
• Shining a Light on Gender in Aquaculture and Fisheries: GAF3 Symposium Summary pp. 265-276