Category Archives: Gender research resources

Tips from the expert: on-the-job gender training

Dr Anne Coles, International Gender Studies Centre at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford Univ, UK.

Dr Anne Coles, Northern Hokkaido trawler port, August 2013. Photo: A. Coles, International Gender Studies Centre at Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford Univ, UK.

One of the biggest challenges for achieving gender equality is educating the present generation of leaders, project managers and other experts on the basic concepts and how they apply in daily work.

Dr Anne Coles, a gender expert with extensive experience of research in migration, gender, development and social change, and also in delivering in-service training in gender in a wide range of sectors, has distilled her experience in these tips.

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Download notes Anne Coles Gender Training Note

Gender Training for Development Sectors or Project Offices

 By Dr Anne Coles
International Gender Studies at LMH Oxford University
Compiled December 2013

The following points are often helpful when providing gender training tailored to the needs of development professionals working in particular areas or sectors:

There needs to be a commitment to the training course by the person in charge of the project

The participants ideally include some staff who are already generally sensitised to gender issues (gender 101) or who at least recognise the need for a gender approach in the particular circumstances. Again ideally, it includes some participants who are sufficiently senior to be able to promote a gender approach, once the course convinces them of the need.

Importantly, the approach recognises that training must be relevant to the participants’ own work

Ideally, the trainer is able to make a preliminary visit to the project or is able to learn about it in advance. This is particularly useful if they do not know the area/sector.

If the trainer is an outsider, it helps to use a local co-trainer, again briefed in advance, to act as a resource person to explain the local gender situation and to lead some sessions.

While it is likely that one of the trainers is a woman, it is splendid if the other is a man.

There are various ‘tricks of the trade’ to get training off to a good start – such as asking participants what work their grandmothers and grandfathers did (at home, on the farm or whatever) and how it differs from what they and their partners do now – to give a feel for how gender roles and responsibilities are differently constructed over time and in different socio-economic circumstances. This also helps all the participants get to know each other better.

Examples of successful practice should be given, with some from the same/similar sector/area.

It can be limiting for participants to adopt a gender perspective in a particular project unless they know how it will fit in to the overall policy framework at the organisation/government level. A session on this is useful, especially if new areas of policy are being considered in headquarters. A senior administrator/manager could lead this session.

A really important part of the training is normally ‘engendering’ a piece of the participants’ own work (project/programme/policy or whatever).Typically this is done by the participants working in small groups with the trainer(s)’ help. It can begin with a gender analysis of the project and then writing gender equitable improvements into the project documents, addressing any implications in terms of resources and time. The final stage is a commitment to giving this a go!

If at all possible some funds/time should be set aside for follow-up/self-monitoring to avoid the training being ‘one off’.

Gender Strategy for CGIAR livestock and fish research aims for transformation

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Egypt fish market. Source: CGIAR Livestock and Fish Research Programme

The Gender Strategy for the CGIAR Research Program on Livestock and Fish is designed to “operates along a continuum of gender integration approaches, from the accommodating to the transformative, and will contribute to understanding under what conditions each approach has the potential to advance chain performance and the outcomes of poor women and other marginalized groups.”

The Strategy emphasizes the importance of informing research and action with careful diagnoses of context and constraints to progress, all along the value chain.

Download the Gender Strategy at: https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/32843

Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project to get serious on including gender

Ms Rani, wife of a fisher from Toothoor area in Kanniyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, India. Her husband, besides catching tuna, also catches sharks. Ms Rani was speaking in a stakeholder meeting convened by the BOBP-IGO to discuss the shark fisheries management plan.  Photo: BOBP-IGO

Ms Rani, wife of a fisher from Toothoor area in Kanniyakumari district of Tamil Nadu, India. Her husband, besides catching tuna, also catches sharks. Ms Rani was speaking in a stakeholder meeting convened by the BOBP-IGO to discuss the shark fisheries management plan. Photo: BOBP-IGO

Most marine and fisheries development projects are gender blind, even though, in recent years, they generally pay much more attention to reaching out to fishing communities.  What does a major, multi-country project do when it wants to get serious on overcoming its gender-blindness? For sure, the project partners face a steep learning curve, but the FAO-managed Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem (BOBLME) project has taken the plunge. In 2012, it commissioned a major study by Cecile Brugere to help them work out where they stood and what to do. BOBLME has now published Dr Brugere’s report  – Mainstreaming Gender in the BOBLME Project: gender audit and recommended actions for mainstreaming a gender perspective – and it is a very useful guide with wider relevance than just BOBLME.  It is a veritable “how to” and literature review from which  new and even experienced practitioners can learn a lot. Also significant is that this is the first of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) supported Large Marine Ecosystem projects to undertake a thorough gender audit.

The Regional Coordinator of the Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project (BOBLME), Dr Chris O’Brien told Genderaquafish.org that, ” even though BOBLME countries faced many challenges in tackling gender inequalities, now there is some clarity and guidance on what needs to be done. Moreover, the countries  are supportive of addressing gender considerations in a concerted way in the next five year phase of the Project.

Download the report: pdf_icon_smallMainstreaming gender in the BOBLME Project: Gender audit and recommended actions for mainstreaming a gender perspective in the BOBLME project and its Strategic Action Programme (SAP), By Cecile Brugere

http://www.boblme.org/documentRepository/BOBLME-2012-Socioec-02.pdf

 Ms Tanvi Vaidyanathan, Consultant working with the BOBP-IGO in the Gulf of Mannar Project.  In the picture, Ms Tanvi is delivering a lecture in the Regional CCRF Training programme. Photo: BOBP-IGO.

Ms Tanvi Vaidyanathan, Consultant working with the BOBP-IGO in the Gulf of Mannar Project. In the picture, Ms Tanvi is delivering a lecture in the Regional CCRF Training programme. Photo: BOBP-IGO.

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This paper was prepared to support the mainstreaming of a gender perspective in the BOBLME Project and SAP. The gender audit of international and regional instruments the eight BOBLME partner countries are signatories, as well as national development and fisheries policies highlighted uneven progress in tackling gender inequalities and accounting of gender issues, overall denoting a cultural and institutional environment that may not be at all times conducive of gender mainstreaming initiatives. While the majority of the BOBLME Project documents audited were found to be gender-blind based on their sole contents, this was attributed to a lack of awareness rather than an intended oversight. Despite the relative advancement of the project, entry points to mainstream gender in the SAP were identified through:

  • The addition of a statement of political will or commitment to gender,
  • The consideration of gender-sensitive actions,
  • The addition of a section on cross-cutting issues covering gender training, communication, legislation, capacity building at field level, gender-disaggregated data collection and research on gender issues,
  • The consideration of incentives and accounting mechanisms,
  • The earmarking of a specific budget for gender-related activities at project level and strategic actions.
  • The addition of a pathway to impact.
  • The use of outcome mapping as a form of monitoring and evaluation.
  • The last two are seen as pivotal in capturing the changes that are expected as result of both mainstreaming gender in the project, and the project’s own influence in progressing towards gender equality.

In addition to these, key recommendations for future action by the BOBLME partner countries include:

  • Commissioning of a gender-sensitive review of legislation and regulatory frameworks in the BOBLME partner countries,
  • Following through the mainstreaming of gender in the NAPs, mirroring what has been proposed to mainstream gender in the SAP,
  • Tackling gender-disaggregated data collection as soon as possible,
  • Ensuring the continuous provision of gender inputs throughout the project duration,
  • Strengthening the participatory processes undertaken so far by the project,
  • Avoiding falling in the Women in Development/efficiency rhetoric and maintaining a focus on the addressing of gender issues and inequality,
  • Supporting gender training and capacity building at all levels, beyond the life of the project.

Women in the EU Fish Processing Economy

Fish processor, Poland. Source: www.poland-fish.com.

Fish processor, Poland. Source: http://www.poland-fish.com.

In 2012, the European Union (EU) Scientific, Technical and Economic Committee for Fisheries (STECF), through the Joint Research Centre of the EU, published a report on the Economic Performance of the EU Fish Processing Industry Sector (STECF-OWP-12-01). 

In aggregate from the reporting countries, the 2011 employment statistics show that women and men are almost evenly balanced, in terms of numbers of jobs. Looking at different countries, however, the figures differ. Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland have more than 60% women fish processing employees, whereas Malta and the UK have more than 60% of men employees. In Europe, fish processing about 150,000 people. France, Poland, Spain and the United Kingdom supported the largest workforces, with more than 10,000 each.

Percent women (blue) and men (red) in each reporting EU country. Source. STECF report

Percent women (blue bar) and men (red bar) by EU reporting country. Source. STECF report)

This report (link for download) should be read in conjunction with the STECF report on employment and other economic parameters in the aquaculture sector (see: /counting-womens-participation-in-eu-aquaculture/). The EU is taking measures to improve its fisheries economic statistics, including gender-disaggregated data. To date, however, no gender-disaggregated data are available from capture fisheries.

How to Mainstream Gender in Small Scale Fisheries: Lessons from Experience

Learning better household budgeting, Cambodia. Photo: RFLP

Learning better household budgeting, Cambodia. Photo: RFLP

The FAO-Spain Regional Fisheries Livelihoods Programme for South and Southeast Asia has taken their more formal gender materials (especially the RFLP gender mainstreaming manual) and their on the ground experience and produced this attractive, easy to read and yet very rich guide to what to do.

Get the guide here: Download

The clear lessons from experience include:

1. Don’t get lost in translation (of technical gender terms)

2. Think gender from the start

3. Study first, then decide

4. Consider quotas for women’s participation

5. Take the time and effort (and get the men involved)

6. Consider participation of women in traditional ‘men’s’ activities

7. Beware the double burden

8. Be flexible (make training convenient for women)

9. Get the right support

10. Alternative fisheries livelihoods are often women’s livelihoods

11. Collect gender-disaggregated data

12. Spread the good word

Understanding and measuring women’s empowerment in agriculture

FAC Okali weaiLast year, Genderaquafish posted on the new IFPRI, USAID, OPHI  index on women’s empowerment in agriculture tool (see the post and links). Now, Christine Okali, one of the world’s foremost researchers on rural development and gender,  has challenged the approach of the women’s empowerment index as being too specific, constrained to a point in time and failing to address the linkages between women and men in decision-making in  the  larger life settings. She suggests this is a step backwards to older approaches and concludes: “Surely a better understanding of the dynamics of decision-making, and therefore social change, would be a more satisfactory product for 2015 than an index that will only lead us back into an analytical, policy and programmatic cul-de-sac.”

Read Prof Okali’s blog at: http://www.future-agricultures.org/blog/entry/measuring-womens-empowerment-a-retrograde-step-#.UXonWuzAk6Z

New IFPRI release: data needs for gender analysis in agriculture

Good gender-sensitive research starts with good data. IFPRI has just released a discussion paper to the 2011 FAO “State of Food and Agriculture 2010-2011: Women and Agriculture: Closing the Gender Gap for Development“.

The Discussion Paper provides “guidelines on how to collect better gendered data through surveys. It details who should be interviewed; how the interview should be structured; and what kinds of questions should be asked, both at the individual level and also more broadly at the household, community or regional levels.”

Download Discussion Paper here

Planning for Impact in Aquaculture and Fisheries Projects

IFAD strategy on monitoring and evaluation in the project cycle

IFAD strategy on monitoring and evaluation in the project cycle

WorldFish Center and IFAD have released a guide to ex-ante impact evaluation in aquaculture and fisheries. The guide gives good attention to collecting gender disaggregated information.

The guide is:

Crissman, C.C., Abernethy, K., Delaporte, A., Timmers, B. (2013) A Practical Guide for Ex-ante Impact Evaluation in Fisheries and Aquaculture. CGIAR Research Program on Aquatic Agricultural Systems. Penang, Malaysia. Guidelines: AAS-2013-04.

It can be downloaded at:  http://aquaticcommons.org/10943/1/WF_3464.pdf

Abstract: This guide provides a framework for ex-ante evaluation of fisheries and aquaculture projects in developing countries. Ex-ante impact evaluations check the potential of a project or program to deliver benefits from proposed interventions. Providing extensive annotated literature citations, this guide is designed for use by practitioners who may not be fisheries or aquaculture specialists. The guide uses concepts from results-based management, organized into five modules that structure the investigation and provide insights regarding alignment of the proposed intervention with stakeholder interests, feasibility of design, potential constraints to implementation, possible impact pathways and distributional effects of the intervention. Separately published case studies of investments in Bangladesh, Malawi and Ghana illustrate application of the guide.

A Future Gender Roadmap in Indian Fisheries Research

Women fish traders, India. Photo: ICAR "Gender in Fisheries: A Future Roadmap"

Women fish traders, India. Photo: ICAR “Gender in Fisheries: A Future Roadmap”

 

Getting gender into the fisheries and aquaculture agenda requires large and fundamental changes inside the organisations that support the sector, including the research institutes. Last year, the fisheries institutes of the Indian Council for Agricultural Research (ICAR), one of the world’s largest agricultural research systems, held a pioneering workshop to plan a future roadmap for their gender in fisheries work. Dr B. Meenakumari, the Deputy  Director General (Fisheries) for ICAR, recently alerted Genderaquafish.org that the report of the workshop and its outcomes is now published.

The report, “Gender in Fisheries: A Future Roadmap“,  was edited by Nikita Gopal, Arathy Ashok, Jeyanthi, P., Gopal, T. K. S. and Meenakumari, B. and published by the Central Institute of Fisheries Technology, Cochin, the workshop hosts. It contains a short review of gender studies carried out in ICAR Fisheries Institutes,  a description of the women in fisheries programme of the International Collective of Smallscale Fishworkers (ICSF),  details of the workshop which involved 47 experts from ICAR and universities and NGOs,  and video conferencing with FAO Experts , plus the outcomes (the Future Roadmap). The file can be downloaded here.

The Roadmap highlights, among others, the following strategies for mainstreaming gender towards equity and empowerment

  • Gender disaggregated data on different roles of women in fisheries
  • Development, refinement and popularization of appropriate women friendly technologies
  • Gender responsive research and teaching with an orientation towards gender issues in fisheries
  • Capacity building in ICAR system for gender mainstreaming
  • Curriculum in gender mainstreaming in fisheries education
  • Documentation of ITK in fisheries, tapping the grassroot level wisdom
  • Gender units in ICAR Fisheries Institutes
  • Development of women supportive marketing infrastructure
  • Need for special programmes to facilitate access to credit and finance
  • Formation and strengthening of women self help groups
  • Improved access to education to fishing communities
  • Strengthening co-operatives in fisheries
  • Application of ICTs for women empowerment
  • Need for ensuring women’s participation in implementation of policies and programs
  • Sensitization of fisherwomen on best utilization of locally available resources
  • Allocation of funds for need based schemes
  • Convergence of different departments and agencies on gender sensitive policies, programmes and implementation strategies

 

 

Genderaquafish.org gathers momentum: 2012 in Review

Map showing origins of visits to Genderaquafish.org from 25 Feb 2012 to 31 Dec 2012. Source: WordPress

Map showing origins of visits to Genderaquafish.org from 25 Feb 2012 to 31 Dec 2012. Source: WordPress

Women’s and men’s contributions are both critical to the success of aquaculture and fisheries. Statistics on the growing interest being shown in this website since its creation over two years ago (in September 2010) indicate that more people are taking an interest in research and development insights on gender in aquaculture and fisheries.

In 2012, the number of user visits to our website, Genderaquafish.org, grew from nearly nine thousand in 2011 to almost 15 thousand – a growth of 67%.  Most pleasingly, you, the users, came from all over the planet. To be precise, visitors came from 154 countries and territories. Our top 5 countries, in order of hits, were: India, USA, Philippines, UK and Malaysia, with Asia the top region (find your country/territory in the detailed statistical download: 2013-01-01 Months and Years).

Table of Visits by User Country/Territory (from 25 February to 31 December 2012)

2013-01-01 table of regions

One of the reasons for the increased visitor traffic has been the new research and policy material uploaded (thanks to many active participants who have provided much of the material) and an active year of gender in aquaculture and fisheries (GAF) events that we reported.

Here are links reports from some of the featured 2012 GAF events and milestones.

(a) Digital copy of AFS Indian Branch 1990 Women in Fisheries Workshop https://genderaquafish.org/2012/07/04/special-release-proceedings-of-the-1990-india-women-in-fisheries-workshop/ (we have 3 more ‘historical’ docs from the 90s in train at present – watch for them this year)

(b) GAF3 Special Issue of Asian Fisheries Science journal https://genderaquafish.org/2012/08/18/moving-the-agenda-forward/

(c) Report of the 2011 FAO Special Workshop on GAF published https://genderaquafish.org/events/fao-special-workshop-2011/

(d) Chapter on women in aquaculture in the 2010 FAO Global Conference on Aquaculture proceedings released: (https://genderaquafish.org/2012/05/24/enhancing-global-aquacuture-opportunities-for-women/)

(e) February 2012 meeting of the ASEM Aquaculture Platform gender element (WP7) https://genderaquafish.org/2012/04/20/malaysian-workshop-upgrades-knowledge-develops-plans-for-gender-equity-in-asian-aquaculture/ 

(f) June 2012 meeting of the Mekong Network in Gender in Fisheries (their 13th Annual Meeting) – see report: https://genderaquafish.org/2012/06/30/in-for-the-long-haul/

(g) Report of the July 2012 IIFET Gender in Fish Value Chains sessions https://genderaquafish.org/2012/11/29/overcoming-gender-inequalities-in-fish-supply-chains/

(h) Report of September 2012 Philippines WINFISH conference https://genderaquafish.org/2012/10/20/philippine-conference-on-women-fishers-a-great-success/

(i) Release of the 2012 World Bank/FAO/WorldFish Center  study “Hidden Harvest” on employment in small scale fisheries, including gender disaggregated data: https://genderaquafish.org/2012/09/17/women-hold-up-47-of-the-fisheries-sky/

With GAF4 in the planning (see: https://genderaquafish.org/2012/10/21/gaf4-news-follow-updates-on-genderaquafish-org/), and many more gender and fisheries events planned, we look forward to a productive year with even further growth in interest in gender in aquaculture and fisheries.

We welcome first hand news of gender in aquaculture and fisheries and related events, and information on your publications, achievements and views. Please keep them coming in!